heating_setpoint_cnumberdefault: 2015–25 (step 1)Indoor air temperature maintained during the heating season.
Reducing the heating setpoint by 1°C typically cuts heating energy by 5–8%. A setpoint of 18°C versus 22°C can halve heating demand in a poorly insulated building.
cooling_setpoint_cnumberdefault: 2622–30 (step 1)Indoor air temperature maintained during the cooling season.
Raising the cooling setpoint by 1°C reduces cooling energy by approximately 3–5%. A setpoint of 28°C versus 24°C can reduce cooling demand by 15–20%.
infiltration_ratenumberdefault: 0.50.1–3 (step 0.1)Air changes per hour through uncontrolled envelope leakage. Older buildings: 1–3 ACH; modern airtight: 0.1–0.3 ACH.
High infiltration accounts for 30–40% of heating loss in pre-1980 stock. Reducing from 1.5 to 0.3 ACH with draught-proofing can cut heating demand by 25%.
glazing_fractionnumberdefault: 0.30.1–0.9 (step 0.05)Window-to-wall ratio — the fraction of the facade area that is glazed.
Higher glazing increases solar gain (beneficial in winter, harmful in summer) but worsens envelope U-value. Optimal WWR is typically 0.25–0.40 for northern climates.
insulation_levelselectdefault: standardpoor | standard | good | passiveOverall thermal quality of the building envelope including walls, roof and floor.
Upgrading from poor (1.5 W/m²K) to good (0.3 W/m²K) insulation reduces transmission heat loss by 80% and is typically the single highest-impact retrofit measure.
Run with default settings to establish a baseline energy demand map. Then test retrofit scenarios: - Set insulation_level to 'good' to model external wall insulation - Reduce infiltration_rate to 0.2 to model window and door replacement - Adjust glazing_fraction to optimise solar gain vs. heat loss balance Compare total district heating demand across scenarios to quantify the impact of area-wide retrofit programmes.